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What you eat affects how you sleep. One of the keys to a restful night's sleep is to get your brain
calmed rather than revved up. Some foods contribute to restful sleep; other foods keep you
awake. We call them sleepers and wakers. Sleepers are tryptophan-containing foods, because
tryptophan is the amino acid that the body uses to make serotonin, the
neurotransmitter that slows down nerve traffic so your brain isn't so busy. Wakers are foods that
stimulate neurochemicals that perk up the brain.
Tryptophan is a precursor of the sleep-inducing substances serotonin and melatonin. This means
tryptophan is the raw material that the brain uses to build these relaxing neurotransmitters.
Making more tryptophan available, either by eating foods that contain this substance or by seeing
to it that more tryptophan gets to the brain, will help to make you sleepy. On the other hand,
nutrients that make tryptophan less available can disturb sleep.
Eating carbohydrates with tryptophan-containing foods makes this calming amino acid more
available to the brain. A high carbohydrate meal stimulates the release of insulin, which helps clear from the bloodstream those amino acids that compete with tryptophan,
allowing more of this natural sleep-inducing amino acid to enter the brain and manufacture sleep-
inducing substances, such as serotonin and melatonin. Eating a high-protein
meal without accompanying carbohydrates may keep you awake, since protein-rich foods also
contain the amino acid, tyrosine, which perks up the brain.
To understand how tryptophan and carbohydrates work together to relax you, picture the various
amino acids from protein foods as passengers on a bus. A busload containing tryptophan and
tyrosine arrives at the brain cells. If more tyrosine "passengers" get off the bus and enter the
brain cells, neuroactivity will rev up. If more tryptophan amino acids get off the bus, the brain
will calm down. Along comes some insulin which has been stalking carbohydrates in the
bloodstream. Insulin keeps the tyrosine amino acids on the bus, allowing the brain-calming
tryptophan effect to be higher than the effect of the brain-revving tyrosine.
You can take advantage of this biochemical quirk by choosing protein or carbohydrate-rich
meals, depending on whether you want to perk up or slow down your brain. For students and
working adults, high protein, medium-carbohydrate meals are best eaten for breakfast and lunch.
For dinner and bedtime snacks, eat a meal or snack that is high in complex carbohydrates, with
a small amount of protein that contains just enough tryptophan to relax the brain. An all-
carbohydrate snack, especially one high in junk sugars, is less likely to help you sleep. You'll
miss out on the sleep-inducing effects of tryptophan, and you may set off the roller-coaster effect
of plummeting blood sugar followed by the release of stress hormones that will keep you awake.
The best bedtime snack is one that has both complex carbohydrates and protein, and perhaps
some calcium. Calcium helps the brain use the tryptophan to manufacture melatonin. This
explains why dairy products, which contain both tryptophan and calcium, are one of the top
sleep-inducing foods.
Foods that are high in carbohydrates and calcium, and medium-to-low in protein also make ideal
sleep-inducing bedtime snacks. Some examples:
apple pie and ice cream (my favorite)
whole-grain cereal with milk
hazelnuts and tofu
oatmeal and raisin cookies, and a glass of milk
peanut butter sandwich, ground sesame seeds
(It takes around one hour for the tryptophan in the foods to reach the brain, so don't wait until
right before bedtime to have your snack.)
Meals that are high in carbohydrates and low-to-medium in protein will help you relax in the
evening and set you up for a good night's sleep. Try the following "dinners for sleep":
pasta with parmesan cheese
scrambled eggs and cheese
tofu stirfry
hummus with whole wheat pita bread
seafood, pasta, and cottage cheese
meats and poultry with veggies
tuna salad sandwich
chili with beans, not spicy
sesame seeds (rich in tryptophan) sprinkled on salad with tuna chunks, and whole wheat
crackers
Lighter meals are more likely to give you a restful night's sleep. High-fat meals and large
servings prolong the work your digestive system needs to do, and all the gas production and
rumblings may keep you awake. Some people find that highly-seasoned foods (e.g., hot peppers
and garlic) interfere with sleep, especially if you suffer from heartburn. (See gastroesophageal
reflux). Going to bed with a full stomach does not, for most
people, promote a restful night's sleep. While you may fall asleep faster, all the intestinal work
required to digest a big meal is likely to cause frequent waking and a poorer quality of sleep. Eat
your evening meal early.
Caffeine-containing foods top the list of foods that wake you up.
Here's why:
As a stimulant, caffeine speeds up the action of not only the nervous system, but of other
major body systems, too. Within fifteen minutes of downing a cup of coffee, the level of
adrenaline in your blood rises, which triggers an increase in heart rate, breathing rate, urinary
output, and production of stomach acids. Basically, caffeine's effects are the reverse of what
you want to happen as you go to sleep.
Caffeine also prompts adrenal hormones to release sugar stored in the liver, which stimulates
sugar cravings to replenish the stores. Caffeine heightens the roller coaster effect of blood
sugar swings, producing a quick high after a morning cup of coffee, followed by a downturn
in the afternoon.
Caffeine's effects in the body are sort of like the law of gravity: what goes up must come
down. The morning jolt is often followed by afternoon doldrums. Caffeine also makes it
difficult to sleep well.
Know your caffeine quota. Some persons are more caffeine-sensitive than others. Many
adults can take up to 250 milligrams of caffeine a day (the average amount in 21/2 cups of coffee)
and experience no sleep problems. Others get jitters after one cola.
Time your caffeine boost. For most people, the effects of caffeine wear off within six hours, so
coffee in the morning will usually not interfere with sleep in the evening. Caffeine-containing
beverages at lunch may not affect your sleep, but coffee, tea, or cola in the evening is likely to
keep you awake.
Many school-age children get squirrelly following a jolt of caffeine-containing
cola. Kids who are already hyperactive may be bouncing off walls following a
caffeine jolt. Best to limit children's caffeine consumption to less than 50
milligrams a day, no more than one 12-ounce cola. Avoid beverages that have
added caffeine, touted for their energy-boosting effects. Children should not
be exposed to the addicting effects of to the caffeine buzz.
Know what foods contain the most caffeine. As you can see from the chart, coffee, colas,
and tea rank highest in caffeine content.
FOOD
CAFFEINE (mg.)
coffee, brewed, 6 ounces
105
coffee, instant, 6 ounces
55
Mountain Dew, 12 ounces
55
Colas, 12 ounces
35-45
Tea, 6 ounces
35
Contrary to what we are led to believe, chocolate is not high in caffeine.
Two chocolate chip cookies may contain less than 5 milligrams of caffeine, a packet of cocoa
mix contains 5 milligrams, and one chocolate candy bar contains around 10 milligrams. In fact,
many people find chocolate desserts that also contain dairy products to actually be a sleep
inducer because of the combination of tryptophan and carbohydrates.
To get the taste of tea with less of a caffeine jolt, recycle the tea bag. Discard the
first cup of tea made from the tea bag, which contains the most caffeine, and make another cup.
Also, don't squeeze the tea out of the tea bag, as these drops of tea contain more caffeine. Try
grain-based hot beverages and caffeine-free herbal teas as alternatives to coffee and tea.
Some over-the-counter cold and headache remedies are high in caffeine. Check the label or ask
the pharmacist, especially if you are a caffeine-sensitive person.
AskDrSears.com is intended to help parents become better informed consumers
of health care. The information presented in this site gives general advice
on parenting and health care. Always consult your doctor for your individual
needs.